What is ankylosing spondylitis?
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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic (persistent) rheumatic (arthritic) disease of unknown cause. It mainly affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints. Sometimes other joints and other parts of the body are affected. The word spondylitis means inflammation of the spine. The word ankylosing means bones that tend to join together (fuse) across a joint.
The lower back is typically the main site of inflammation
In AS, the ligaments of the lower spine become inflamed at the points where they attach to the spinal vertebrae. In time, this can stimulate the bone-making cells and cause some bone to grow and form within the ligaments. In time, these bony growths may become larger and form bony bridges between vertebrae that are next to each other. This may, over time, cause some of the vertebrae in the spine to fuse together with this new abnormal bone material.
The sacroiliac joints and their nearby ligaments also commonly become inflamed. This too may ultimately end in fusion between the sacrum and pelvis. The small facet joints of the spine are also commonly inflamed.
Other areas of the body may be affected
The disease is not always confined to the spine and sacroiliac joints. In some cases, inflammation occurs in other joints and in other parts of the body outside of the spine (detailed below).
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